Reinforced Modified Newmark Model (RMNM)

The RMNM consists of a modified Newmark model further modified by the addition of a spring and Coulomb slider element. The sliding block simulates shearing of the soil within and behind the reinforced zone (as in a conventional Newmark analysis). The elasto-plastic spring models the nonlinear force-elongation behavior of the confined reinforcement. The Coulomb element models pullout of the reinforcement, and accounts for decreasing anchor length with accumulating displacements.